NCC was the first company to successfully manufacture and distribute sealed dry cell batteries on a large scale. In 1896 the company marketed the very first battery intended for widespread consumer use: the sealed, six-inch, 1.5 volt Columbia. The trademark "Columbia" was proposed by Nelson C. He developed a paper-lined, 1.5 volt cylindrical dry cell which he showed to Lawrence, who gave Jewett and Little a green light to begin manufacturing commercial dry cells.
#1.5 VOLT BATTERY CHEMISTRY FREE#
Jewett became interested in dry cells and, in his free time, conducted experiments in the laboratory. Jewett, was working in NCC's Lakewood plant on the west side of Cleveland, under the direction of George Little. At the same time, in the mid-1890s, a bright and talented young man, E. In 1894 NCC began marketing Leclanché wet cells. Lawrence, a pioneer in the manufacture of electrical products. NCC was founded in Cleveland in 1886 by Washington H. Production of the Columbia Dry Cell Batteryīattery development shifted in the 1890s to the United States with the development of the Columbia dry cell by the National Carbon Company (NCC), the corporate predecessor of the Energizer Battery Company. Gassner also added zinc chloride to the electrolyte, which markedly reduced corrosion of the zinc when the cell was idle, adding considerably to its shelf life. Gassner used zinc as the container to house the cell's other components at the same time, he used the sealed zinc container as the anode. Even though it was a heavy wet cell prone to breaking, Leclanché's invention represented an advance over previous batteries and it became an immediate success, gaining wide use in telegraph systems within two years of its development.įurther improvements came in the 1880's when Carl Gassner, a German scientist, invented the first dry cell. The liquid seeped through the porous cup and made contact with the cathode material.
The anode and the pot were then immersed in an ammonium chloride solution, which acted as the electrolyte. The cathode was packed into the pot with a carbon rod inserted as a current collector. The cathode consisted of crushed manganese dioxide with a little carbon added. Leclanché assembled his cell in a porous pot. The next major advance came in 1866 when Georges Leclanché developed a much improved battery. And well into the 20th century the medium was always acidic. For several decades after Volta, all advances in producing electricity still involved the use of liquid electrodes. To build the first modern electrical battery, Volta stacked disks of zinc and silver in pairs to form a "pile." The "voltaic pile" was the first device producing continuous current his work established the electrochemical principles that remain the basis of batteries used today. In the 1790s Volta experimented with inanimate systems consisting of metal plates connected by brine-soaked cardboard to produce electric current. Alessandro Volta, another pioneer in the field, thought that Galvani's explanation was incorrect and that Galvani's results arose from his use of two different metals connected by a moist conductor (a frog's leg). Galvani thought the twitching originated in the leg tissue, suggesting that animals produce electricity (an assertion not definitively proved until the 1840s). Modern battery development can be traced to the work of Luigi Galvani, who observed in the 1780s that a frog's leg twitched when connected by arcs made of iron and brass.
There were many scientific and technological advances on the way to those smaller and more powerful batteries. The battery, ever smaller and more powerful, defines much of our modern comforts and advances. It would be a much different world, in which the automobile and the telephone would have developed differently and probably later, a world without many of the conveniences of modern life and without some of the necessities. Dedicated September 27, 2005, at Energizer Global Technology Center in Cleveland, Ohio, and at Energizer Holdings, Inc.
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